There are only two ways in which humankind can produce knowledge Essay

There are only two ways in which humankind can produce knowledge through passive observation or through active experiment. To what extent do you agree with this statement - Essay Example I will take passive observation to mean knowledge acquired through discovery but in which the knower do not influence the phenomenon they are studying. Active experimentation is whereby the knower participates in creating or producing knowledge. The title presupposes that humankind can only discover or create knowledge. I am going to argue that there are different approaches to produce knowledge in addition to passive observation and active experimentation as evidenced by the various areas of knowledge and ways of knowing. In order to understand whether we discover or create knowledge and whether there are other ways of producing knowledge, first we need to understand what knowledge is. Lagemaat (2015, 23) defines knowledge as â€Å"justified true belief† (Lagemaat, 2015, 23). From this definition, arise three concepts that need explaining: truth, belief and justification. Truth is what distinguishes knowledge from belief. People hold many beliefs depending on their cultures some of which are superstitious hence not everything that people believe is knowledge. For example, the Greeks believed in myths such as odyssey to explain extraordinary events such as earthquakes. Such beliefs even if the Greeks considered them true cannot be true and as such are not knowledge. For it to be considered as knowledge what one claims to know must be true otherwise, it may be true or false. Since we cannot be 100 percent sure that what we know is true, a degree of certainty is acceptable hence something is true beyond reasonable doubt (Stuart, 2000). Belief is to believe what you claim to know as true is true (Stuart, 2000). It is having confidence or strong conviction that what you claim to know is true. For example, if you hold the truth that telling lies is wrong, then you should have the conviction to say that you know that it is true. For Lagemaat, belief and knowledge lay in a continuum ranging from the impossible to certainty hence there is

A Website Review on the American Cultural History 1960-1969 Webpage Essay Example for Free

A Website Review on the American Cultural History 1960-1969 Webpage Essay Kingwood College Librarys American Cultural History 1960-1969 webpage (http://kclibrary. nhmccd. edu/decade60. html) is a webpage dedicated to the dessemination of information regarding the 1960s. It dubs itself a web and library guide, and is hosted and managed by the Kingwood College Library, an educational organization in Kingwood, Texas. Its stated purpose is to â€Å"help the user gain a broad understanding and appreciation for the culture and history of the 1960s† (Goodwin, para. 2). The site itself is authored by Susan Goodwin. Unfortunately, no information in the site listed Ms. Goodwins credentials, and checking the Kingwood College Library for any information regarding the author proved futile as well. The webpage is primarily aimed for the general public, with information that is collected and compiled from different sources which are mostly official or scholarly in nature (some information, however, are linked from Wikipedia, a source generally not accepted by the academia). As such, the information can be considered valid and true, and is presented clearly and matter-of-factly, without any embellishments or personal views and opinions, and without any technical jargon that may confuse the lay reader. At the start of the page, the reader is immediately treated to a fact sheet of the decade, with hard facts about the population, the national debt, and the average salary, among others. Information is also placed in major categories, providing a coherent and easy to follow structure to the whole article. Since content is generally collected from the various sites off the internet and books, information and content ranges from the common to the not-so-common, but all are generally interesting and well-presented. Most of the major points are presented as links which redirect to another website discussing that particular subject matter. This is where most of the webpages problems lie, as a significant number of links (25, to be exact) are either broken or non-existing, redirecting the reader to the main site instead. One of the links even redirects to the wrong article. For an information-driven webpage run by an educational organization, such mistakes reflect poorly on the structure and management of the webpage itself. Another thing some people (especially researchers wanting complete information) might have an issue with is how the webpage cites its sources. After every category, the author lists the books which have more information on the subjects presented in that category. However, the author did not list the specifics of the book, ie. , date of publication, author, actual page information, etc. For a researcher who needs these information, this is a great omission on a website that considers itself a bibliographic essay. Also, the website design can be improved; as it is, it is presented in a simple and drab manner. Inspite of the faults stated above, the webpage gives enough historical information and data for any general aspect of popular culture in the stated era. And with how it is presented, via links and redirects, the reader can just connect on other links on the given website for more information about that particular subject matter. The webpages goal is to give out as much information as it can, in a concise and direct manner. In this regard, it has succeeded rather well. References Goodwin, S. (2006). American Cultural History 1960-1969. Retrieved December 20, 2007, from http://kclibrary. nhmccd. edu/decade60. html

A Comaprison of the Millers Tale and Merchants Tale Essay -- compari

Comparing Miller's Tale and Merchant's Tale Alison in the Miller's Tale and May of the Merchant's Tale are similar in several ways. Both are young women who have married men much older than themselves. They both become involved with young, manipulative men. They also conspire to and do cuckold their husbands. This is not what marriage is about and it is demonstrated in both tales. What makes the Miller's Tale bawdy comedy and the Merchant's tale bitter satire is in the characterization. In the Miller's tale we are giving stereotyped characters. The principals are cardboard cut-outs sent into farcical motion. The Merchant's Tale gives us much more background and detail of the character's lives. The reader is more involved and can feel their situations. Here we will focus on the two women of each tale and how they demonstrate this difference. Alison is described as young and wild. She is like an animal: " Thereto she koude skippe and make game/ As any kyde or calf folwynge his dame" (I. 3259-60). We know that she would be willing to go along with any idea as long as it is "fun". We can see her childish immaturity in the scenes where she lets Absalom "kiss" her. We do not learn the details of her marriage such as her feeling toward John, her husband. We simply know that it is a mis-matched marriage with a large age gap between them. May is not described in much detail compared to Alison. She is simply young, meek and beautiful. The disgusting details of her marriage though are clearly shown. January makes speeches about his desire to consummate his marriage and loathingly promises to take his time. We are with May when the real horror she feels at having to sleep with January is describe... ...In response she acts impertinent and insulted: "'This thank have I for I have maad yow see/ Allas,' quod she, 'that evere I was so kinde!'" (IV. 2388-89). How ridiculous and awful that January believes her explanation. Therefore we can see while both stories have similar elements, the Miller's Tale is straight comedy. The reader is not shown the emotions of the characters. Alison is not a fully developed character. She is and stays what she was described as in the beginning of the tale: an eighteen year old wild girl. The tale is more a parody on courtly love. In contrast, in the Merchant's Tale the reader is shown the disgusting details of January's motives and subsequent marriage. May's character is more fleshed out, the assaults against her explicitly shown. We may feel sorry for the carpenter but January never gets our sympathy.

Sociocultural Forces

Before starting to plan to franchise a Mc Donald’s in another country. They obtain the relevant information from the target market in addition to the individual customers of the organization. They find out the shifts in areas like the consumer behaviour and purchasing patterns of the market. Fundamentally, this is the key condition for executing a suitable customer relationship management system. Some of the Sociocultural forces from the countries where they were planning to enter that Mc Donald’s took into consideration Cultural Cultural: McDonald's international restaurants satisfy local tastes and customs by offering unique products, services and other items to the menu. Customers in Norway can order McLaks – a fresh grilled salmon sandwich with dill sauce on a whole-grain bun. McDonald's fans in the Netherlands can have vegetable burger and in Italy and Greece customers can help themselves at a fresh salad bar. Population Changes: Changes in population demographics have many potential consequences for organizations. As the total population changes, the demand for products and services also changes. When McDonald's opens restaurants in a new country, the jobs it creates stimulate the national economy and broaden the local tax base. Besides the new jobs directly linked with McDonald's restaurants, the company indirectly supports other segments of a country’s workforce by hiring local construction firms and purchasing from local suppliers, local farmers and local distributors. Educational Levels: All the staff and employees at McDonald's are given a handsome salary package and attractive incentives in accordance with the level at which the person is working. That’s why employees at McDonald’s in other countries are satisfied and motivated. Higher educational levels allow people to earn higher incomes than would have been possible otherwise. The increase in income has created opportunities to purchase additional goods and services, and to raise the overall standard of living of a large segment of the population. The educational level has also led to increased expectations of workers, and has increased job mobility. Workers are less accepting of undesirable working conditions than were workers a generation ago. Better working conditions, stable employment, and opportunities for training and development are a few of the demands businesses confront more frequently as the result of a more educated workforce. Norms and Values: McDonald's has an open-door culture; any employee can go to the Restaurant Manager and can discuss any problem or new ideas for the improvement of the restaurant. Nobody has any hang-ups; everybody does everything. McDonald's also believes in value to the customer, that is, why prices are value oriented â€Å"†¦ nothing sells forever unless it is value for money.† Norms (standard accepted forms of behavior) and values (attitudes toward right and wrong), differ across time and between geographical areas. Lifestyles differ as well among different ethnic groups. As an example, the application in the United States of Japanese-influenced approaches to management has caused firms to reevaluate the concept of quality. Customers have also come to expect increasing quality in products. Many firms have found it necessary to reexamine production and marketing strategies to respond to changes in consumer expectations. Social Responsibility : is the expectation that a business or individual will strive to improve the welfare of society. From a business perspective, this translates into the public expecting businesses to take active steps to make society better by virtue of the business being in existence. McDonald's is firmly committed to give back to the community where we operate. They are happy to become involved because they recognize that organizations have a role to play in helping communities to work successfully.

Cross Cultural Interactions with Others

Social workers, psychologists and educators alike, have a responsibility to develop cultural competencies. This implies a commitment to creating an environment of mutual understanding. â€Å"Cultural competence refers to the process by which individuals and systems respond respectfully and effectively to people of all cultures, languages, classes, races, ethnic backgrounds, religions, and other diversity factors in a manner that recognizes, affirms, and values the worth of individuals, families, and communities and protects and preserves the dignity of each† (NASW, 2000b, p. 61). Therapists focus on interactions with diverse clients and new situations everyday. Developing cultural competencies is essential towards meaningful communication. Research on person perception has suggested that the information we glean from others can be affected by factors such as appearance, stereotypes, and culture (Wang, 2009). The competency statements for review focus upon communication style (verbal and nonverbal) and how communication can influence others perceptions. In addition, a competency statement regarding high-and low-context communication from different cultural socializations is discussed. Most models of counseling assume that the spoken word is understood. However, when working with cross cultural clients, a host of deficits linger, which may lead to distance, vulnerability and misinterpretations. Verbal communication is important but can be easily misinterpreted across cultures. Words are powerful, but often forgotten. How one perceives the words is most often remembered. Words and what they mean in a cross cultural setting have a major role in a therapeutic setting. To fully understand a culture, it is necessary to understand the se of the cultures metaphors. Metaphors have their own historical origins and are culture specific (Laungani, 2004). The understanding of intrapersonal process of communication is essential and fundamentally important when working with ethnic clients. The therapist needs a clear understanding of the client’s subjective experiences, personal goals, daily behaviors and other significant areas to ensure communication value (Laungani, 2004). When verbal messages are unclear, we tend to look at nonverbal cues (LeBaron, 2003). During a therapeutic encounter between therapist and clients of different cultural backgrounds, it is imperative for all concerned to be vigilant and sensitive enough to read correctly the different verbal, non-verbal, and other physical cues the client knowingly or unknowingly may display to the therapist (Laungani, 2004, p. 196). Nonverbal communication is especially important in intercultural counseling situations because of language barriers (metaphors), set mannerisms, and cultural unfamiliarity. Research has agreed that nonverbal messages convey more than half of the affective meaning of each message (Launganie, 2004, Edmonds, 2010, Wang, 2010). Many emotions are similar across cultures, how they are expressed and interpreted is culture-specific. For example, a person of Japanese decent may smile as she relates details of a death in her family. For a Westerner, who understands a smile to mean happiness, this expression may seem cold and unfeeling. Based upon cultural beliefs in Japan, it is not appropriate to inflict the pain of grief on others (LeBaron, 2003). The understanding of high-and low-context communications from different cultures is significant because it plays an integral part in understanding and developing a relationship. â€Å"Direct and indirect styles of communication correspond to the concept of high-and low-context cultures. The United States is considered a low-context culture because of the linear and direct style of communication. On the other hand, China, Mexico, and Egypt are termed â€Å"high-context cultures† because communication is more contextual, process-oriented, and less rushed† (Fouad, 2007, p. 3). In examining the cognitive style of communication, Brooks (2004) noted that Americans follow a predictable sequence in their thought process. They tend to organize their thoughts in a linear fashion before speaking. Speakers, who have a more relaxed view on time, tend to meander to the point, such as Asians. Arab, Russians, and Africans, tend to insert stories and go off on tangents (p. 143). Cultures tend to attribute different levels of importance to nonverbal and verbal communication. High context cultures rely more on the unspoken word. They are concerned and focused upon the context and the person’s knowledge of the rules for communicating. For other cultures, a clear understanding of the message is less important because nonverbal behavior and the context are understood. Middle East, Asia, and Latin America are examples of high context cultural groups. United States and Canada are considered a low context culture because they place less importance on nonverbal communication and rely heavily on the spoken word (Fouad, 2007). According to (LeBaron, 2003) high context settings such as Japan or Colombia, understanding of the nonverbal message is more important than the communication as a whole. Therapists need to be aware of these differences so they can model appropriate behaviors for others (Fouad, 2007). â€Å"Gudykunst (2001) conceptualized high context communication to include the following communication styles: being indirect, inferring meaning, interpersonal sensitivity, using feelings to guide behavior, and the using silence. In contrast, low context communication includes: being dramatic, dominant, animated, relaxed, attentive, open friendly, contentious, and impression-leaving† (Park& Kim, 2008, p. 47). An emerging body of research has documented that â€Å"Asian cultures tend to adhere to high context communication styles, while European cultures tend to adhere to low context communication styles† (p. 47). Communication styles can be rational or emotional. For example, Brooks (2004) stated that Americans are considered to be more rational. On the other hand, Southeast Asians prefer to keep their emotions stable. Russians are known to be highly emotional (p. 144). In chapter 3, Fouad (2007) addresses the cross-cultural interactions with others. According to Fouad (2007) â€Å"sensitivity and understanding about different cultural scripts for verbal and nonverbal behaviors are essential because of the different formal and informal norms across cultures† (p. 43). This is an important message because you cannot have rapport and empathy without understanding, sensitivity, and knowledge of multicultural behaviors and values. Effectiveness with a client from another culture is dependent upon making educated choices involving communication. LeBaron (2003) noted that â€Å"all communication is cultural; it draws on how we have learned to speak and give nonverbal messages† (p. 1). The way we communicate to others depends upon the situation, individual personalities, and our mood. This coupled with a variety of cultural influences we already have can influence our communication choices. Communication is interactive and plays an important influence on the effectiveness of our relationship with others (LeBaron, 2003). Although some emotions are universal (a smiley face inserted in emails), others are subtle and often misunderstood (a wink). Facial expressions may be the only form of nonverbal communication that may be considered universal. Cultures interpret body language, gestures, posture and carriage, vocal noises (shrieks and grunts), and degree of eye contact differently (Edmonds, 2010). Gestures can be easily misinterpreted. For example, nodding your head up and down within the Western culture, suggests you agree. However, in the Middle Eastern culture, it means the opposite. Nodding your head affirmatively in the Middle East is a sign of disagreement. Moreover, in Japan, a nod is just a signal that someone is listening (Wang, 2010). Edmonds (2010) shares that the â€Å"OK† signal made by forming a circle with the thumb and forefinger refers to money in some countries, while in others, it’s extremely offensive reference to a private body part. Eye contact is another variable that is extremely important. In some cultures direct eye contact is valued. However, in other cultures, averting eye contact is a sign of respect. A simple gesture of thumbs up, may readily offend someone from a different culture. In Iran, this gesture is considered to be vulgar. Shaking hands when greeting may seem innocent, but in some countries this is rude behavior. In the Middle East, you should not hand an object to another person with your left hand. The left hand in the Middle East is reserved for personal hygiene (Edmonds, 2010). Others may be shy and touching is considered an intimate behavior. There are specific rules for personal space across cultures. There are different ideas about space when having a conversation. Research shows that Americans tend to prefer a large amount of space. Europeans tend to stand closer together when talking. It is suggested that this may be due to the fact that Europeans are accustomed to smaller places. Americans on the other hand, are used to larger homes and countryside’s (LeBaron, 2003). Personal space is not a concern for some cultures. Italians and Latino’s allow for open kissing with strong and long embraces to greet one another, whereas in the United States, such contact may be considered too sexual. Further studies have shown that Asian children cannot be touched on the head or it will damage the child’s soul. Each of these variables influences communication efforts (Edmonds (2010). As clinicians, we must strive to learn all we can about the culture of our clients. Remer (2007) introduces the butterfly effect. This effect refers to â€Å"those small differences in initial conditions may have severe consequences for patterns in the long run† (p. 93). Miscommunications can lead to frustration and a lack of trust, thus destroying a relationship. Conflict can easily occur or escalate if miscommunications are already in place. As an agent of change, this writer values diversity as an opportunity to learn. Professional expectations should never be lowered, they need to be developed and maintained in order to improve the quality of culturally competent services. Sensitivity and knowledge should be heightened in order to be a successful agent of change. Striving to be cross-culturally competent is a life long journey. It begins with each day being viewed as an opportunity to learn more about another person. Competence implies that one has the confidence and the capacity to function effectively outside of their culture zone. Despite the madness surrounding social service agencies, this writer is committed to supporting members of underrepresented groups. It is paramount to be committed to incorporating a wide variety of verbal and nonverbal communication skills in response to direct and indirect communication styles. A simple glance can affect the message you are sending and how others perceive you. Moreover, it is important to have a strong sense of self awareness. One must be accepting, comfortable and open to new and unfamiliar ways of communicating in order to broaden personal perspectives. The main focus is to remain objective, know that there are cultural differences, be able to identify subtle behaviors, and to trust your intuition. Alternative ways in which a therapist can be actively involved in cross cultural communication may include checking with clients for the accuracy of your interpretation when unsure. Raising a question about interpretations demonstrates interest, validation and establishes trust. Therapists may choose to move outside of verbal exchanges and use acting, puppets (young children), drawing, music, story telling, collage making and journaling. By allowing clients to be your teacher, one can enhance the relationship and establish competence. As an agent of change, specific objectives are to be met. First, diversity training should be offered. Coworkers will be asked to band together and search for consultants or facilitators to assist in the planning. Second, embrace research and gain as much knowledge as you can about your client’s culture. Third, frequent consultations with supervisors and colleagues are important to obtain performance feedback. Collaboration with others is an excellent way to remain grounded. As a therapist working with cross cultural clients, it is important to remember that although your mouth is closed, your body is talking.

Asthma and current treatment available in Australia Essay Example

Asthma and current treatment available in Australia Essay Example Asthma and current treatment available in Australia Paper Asthma and current treatment available in Australia Paper Essay Topic: Current Abstract Asthma has a high prevalence in Australia but education and appropriate medications are availed to manage this condition and improve health outcomes.   The purpose of this report is to discuss and avail the current available treatment methods for Asthma in Australia. The report examines the prevalence of Asthma in the 1980s and 1990s when the disease became highly prevalent in Australia, and compares it to the prevalence, treatment and management practices today, through a critical review of literatures. The research strategy used is a case study which highlights asthma management practices of a healthy 30 year old male (patient X). Data is collected from a variety of scholarly literatures that discuss asthma management and current treatment available in Australia.   This dissertation provides a critical look on whether the General Practitioners (GPs) and asthma patients are applying effective treatment and management practices for control of asthma and whether these practices improve the health out come.   After analysis of the available treatments, the report recommends an appropriate treatment for patient X who was diagnosed with adult onset asthma and was under treatment using Ventolin inhaler prn but the patient later shifts to Ventolin puffer where he puffs thrice, four times a day on a regular basis. Despite availability of effective medication and management practices, healthy patients who otherwise face persistent asthma attacks, risk using inappropriate management practices for asthma and therefore under manages the condition which later leads to poor health outcomes. Introduction Asthma is a respiratory illness characterized by chronic inflammation of the airways that affects people of all ages and sexes (1). Asthma patients experience difficulty in breathing due to airflow obstruction. Chest tightness, bronchospasm and wheezing sound are some of the uncomfortable symptoms in asthma sufferers (2) and causes absenteeism in work places and schools. Asthma is one of the major public health burdens in Australia (1) affecting about 2 million Australians and about 1.2 percent of the national’s health budget targets asthma control. Although asthma is life threatening, it is not the leading cause of death. Asthma prevalence in Australia is high as compared to most countries and the increase was notably high in the 1980s and 1990s. Currently, the prevalence seems to reduce among the children and remains stable with the rest of the population but it is believed that better management practices would further improve health outcomes and reduce hospital admissions (1,5). Public health campaigns are carried out in Australia with the purpose of creating awareness and increasing effective management of asthma for better health outcomes. Literature review and argument   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Asthma is incurable but can be well managed for better health outcomes with appropriate medication and lifestyle. Asthma management has be come a national priority and many studies have been carried out to determine the effectiveness of Asthma management for better health outcomes. A lot of studies have been carried out in Australia concerning Asthma and its management and findings published in scholarly journals. Research strategies used include telephone surveys where patients are conducted or filling of questionnaires on management practices. A process to improve the integration of health care for asthma patients in primary care and rural settings is required (4). This is because higher asthmatic exacerbation risks occur in people with little knowledge about asthma management, or lack regular GP attendance. Asthma medication falls into two categories; the beta 2 agonists that provide quick relief from asthmatic symptoms, for instance Ve ntolin puffs; and Glucorcorticoids/inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and Long Term Beta Agonists (LABA) that are medication for long term use (5). The therapy for asthma can be preventive, reliever or symptom controller (9). Preventive therapy where the corticosteroids fall is regarded as a first line therapy for asthma that is moderate to persistent in both children and adults (9).   Several studies indicate that the available strategies to manage asthma are enhanced but Australia continues to face high morbidity rates caused by asthma (1, 4, 5,). This is attributed to factors like inadequate self-management education and inappropriately used optimal therapies among other factors. Low ICS dosage administration is crucial in determining health outcomes, and sometimes a combination therapy of ICS and LABA achieves better outcome in mild to severe asthma (5). However, another study reveals that long term use of ICS risky and leads to poor health outcomes (7). The high prevalence rate of Asthma in Australia is suspected to come from adherence to beta 2 agonists and low or no usage of prescribed ICS (8). Frequent use of short term inhalers like Ventolin can lead to risky side effects as well as non responsiveness in the longer run. Moreover excessive use of beta 2 agonists is an indication of deteriorating control of asthma. A visit to the GP is required to reassess the therapy plan, and usually, it is an indication that the patient needs to be put under ICS therapy. Chlorofluoro-carbon (CFCs) inhalers have been phased out as treatment for Asthma in Australia and replaced with hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) propellant and other asthma inhalers which are CFC-free (1).Ventolin is an example of HFA. CFCs have been associated to ozone layer destruction.   HFA perform as effectively as CFC but without the ozone layer damaging effect.   Asthma management is a task for both the GPs and patients as there are both incidences of under prescribing and under usage of medication (6 ). A survey (6) reveals that one in five asthma patients neither visits a regular GP nor sees an asthma specialist.   Regular visits are required of asthma patients whether with mild or severe asthmatic attacks because medication has to be regulated depending on surrounding factors (7, 10). Questionnaire and telephone surveys were used to collect data from patients under asthmatic treatment (8). Findings reveal that significant use of ICS on patients with current attacks, similar to patient X, has better outcomes. Asthma is manageable and treatable due to medication, management strategies and education which improve with time. Improved medication and management practices will lead to a reduction in mortality and morbidity rates of asthma (1, 2, 10). Discussion Currently, asthmatic prevalence stabilization is attributed to the increase use of ICS as compared to the earlier decades of 1980s and 1990s when the population preferred the short term beta2 agonists and hence increased morbidity rates (3). However, there still needs to be education on proper therapy education. Patients with mild asthmatic attacks or those with adult onset attacks tend to overlook the importance of adhering to prescribed medication or frequent GP visits for regular checkups (8). Beta2 agonists are known to provide faster relief but are for short term use, and their overuse should be avoided. ICS and LABA are proved to provide better health outcomes and their consistent use should be encouraged. Regular visits to GPs and Asthma specialists need to be carried out disease assessment and therapy evaluation. Conclusion and Recommendations Asthma management can be effectively achieved if both the patients and healthcare providers are well educated and willing to corporate on the use of current therapy. Corticosteroids and Long Term Beta Agonists are available drugs that have high efficacy for asthma treatment as seen from several studies. Ventolin and other beta 2 agonists for quick relief should only be used as combinational therapy with either ICS (a preventive thrapy) or LABA (a symptom controller).. Adherence to quick relief medication should be discouraged through the ongoing asthma campaigns and education because they risk the life of the patient afterwards (3). I recommend corticosteroid inhaler (ICS) therapy for patient X, and even though he can puff Ventolin for short term symptomatic relief, ICS should be the underlying therapy.   ICS is one of the current treatments for Asthma prevention, available in Australia today. ICS does not provide immediate relief on the symptoms but it works on the airway linings to heal the inflammation, and is known to have less adverse effects as compared to symptom relievers like beta 2 agonists. I chose this treatment for patient X because his situation is current and his asthma falls between moderate and persistent. Patient X has just been diagnosed with asthma at 30 years. This is an indication that the asthma is not hereditary but could have been caused from environmental factors. If he begins ICS therapy early enough chances are that his condition can be reversed or will become less severe. Other than using ICS patient X needs to work closely with his GP and verify allergens that trigger his conditio n, then determine ways to avoid them. Proper dosage of ICS and appropriate usage as well as leading a risk free life style will enable patient X to have a better health outcome. References 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Kandane R, Matheson M, Simpson J, et al.   Medication use between asymptomatic and   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   symptomatic asthma patients. Asian Pacific society of Respirology. 2008; 13(2) 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Jenkins C. Expert view. Health Insite: An Austarlian Government initiative.Available at  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   healthinsite.gov.au/expert/Asthma___Expert_View 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Marks GB, Abramson MJ, Jenkins CR, Kenny P et al. Asthma management and   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   outcomes in Australia: A nationwide telephone interview survey. Respirology, 2007; 12: 212-219. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Laurence M, Beilby J, Campbell S, et al. Processes for improving the integration of care   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   across the primary and acute care settings in rural South Australia: Asthma as a ca se   Ã‚  Ã‚   study. Blackwell Publishing Limited: Australian Journal of Rural Health. 2004; 12; 264-268. 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Jenkins C. Clinical perspectives: An update on asthma management. Internal Medicine   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Journal.2003; 33: 365-371 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sawyer SM and Fardy JH.   Bridging the gap between doctors’ and patients’ expectations   Ã‚   of asthma management. Journal of   Asthma, 2003; 40(2): 131-138 7.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Lancsar EJ, Hall JP, King M. et al. Using discrete choice experiments to investigate subject preferences for preventive asthma medication. Respirology. 2007;12: 127-136 8.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Reid D, Azbramson M, Raven J and Walters H. Management and treatment perceptions   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   among young adults with asthma in Melbourne: The Australian experience from the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   European community respiratory health survey.   Ã‚  Respirology, 2000; 5: 281-387. 9.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Comino E and Henry R. Changing approaches to asthma management in Australia:    Effects on Asthma morbidity. Therapy in Practice, 2001; 61(9): 1289-1300 10.   Simonella L, Marks G, Sanderson K, and Andrews G. Cost effectiveness of current and optimal treatment for adult asthma.   Internal Medicine Journal, 2006; 36:244-250

A summary of the georgia odyssey essays

A summary of the georgia odyssey essays Most people believe that Georgia was founded by nothing more than criminals, but James C. Cobb tells us how he took great offense to that fact or not when actually there was not very many criminals that sailed to Georgia when Oglethorpe received the charter to settle Georgia. Shortly after Georgia was established its population began to grow, and because the state had to become another South Carolina in order to make money, people in the state began to argue about the laws that were placed when they arrived, such as, the restriction on rum and the slave trade. Obviously, those laws were relaxed and the slave trade became one of Georgias most profitable trades. By the 1940s Georgia began to modernize and cotton was no longer the cash crop, but peanuts and poultry would take its place. Industry also was beginning to take part in Georgia at the time due to World War II, by 1950 low-wage industries accounted for 83 percent of the states manufacturing jobs. By the 1970s this figure was down to 67 percent, although twenty years later it still stood at 60 percent. Between 1989 and 1992, ninety-eight hundred jobs were lost across the state of Georgia, but Georgia quickly bounced back. Any type of military base is a vital part of Georgian economy, they account for 20 percent or more of total earnings. Also other changes began to take place in Georgia. People began to make more money and they began to see other things that were around in Atlanta, such as, a fast-food chain...McDonalds, Hardees, KFCs, and Pizza Huts start to pop up due to the economic growth. Another established place where everyone has been once in his or her life a Wal-Mart; Cobb said that there is evidence of change...Yet Georgia still has its hospitality such as, pulling over while a funeral procession passes by quoted Cobb. ...

Interesting College Courses Inspired by Films

Interesting College Courses Inspired by Films Interesting College Courses Inspired by Films At universities across America (and the globe), students are learning about philosophy, anthropology, and politics through the most popular books, movies, and television series of our time. From Harry Potter to The Hunger Games, professors everywhere are utilizing pop culture to teach students complex concepts and ideas that simultaneously encourage students to learn and explore a variety of subject matter through their favorite characters and film series. Hogwarts University For many college students, Harry Potter is the emblem of their childhood: nights spent reading under the covers well past their bedtimes, watching the movies on a rainy weekend afternoon, or visiting Harry Potter World on family vacations to Florida. Well now students can put all of their Harry Potter knowledge towards college course credit! At Oregon State University, freshmen can take an orientation class entitled â€Å"Finding your Patronus†, which teaches students about developmental phases faced by many college students and the real-life applications of the sociology of J.K. Rowling’s imagined wizardry world. Another Harry Potter course, entitled â€Å"The Science of Harry Potter†, is now offered at Frostburg State University in Maryland. Students on the course are able to analyze magical concepts using physics, biology, engineering, and chemistry. Is time travel actually possible? How does Bernie Bott get every flavor into his jelly beans? These questions and more will be answered if you register for this course! What Would Spock Do? Philosophy through Star Trek While Star Trek fans have long advocated that their beloved television show is much more than entertainment, university professors are now in agreement. Georgetown University in Washington, DC has started teaching a course that appeals to Trekkies and non-Trekkies alike: â€Å"Philosophy and Star Trek†. The course itself is an introduction to metaphysics and epistemology philosophy, and students examine these complex ideas through the adventures of the characters as they travel to lands ‘where no man has gone before’. In addition to watching episodes of the popular television series, students also read traditional philosophical texts. Another Star Trek-based course has popped up at Indiana University, entitled â€Å"Star Trek and Religion†. This course studies the show’s religious themes through both watching episodes of the television series and also reading spiritual and religious writings. So whichever course you choose, be prepared to check out both DVDs and books from the library! Worst Exam Ever? Learning to Survive the Zombie Apocalypse Zombies are incredibly popular in today’s culture. From award-winning television shows to themed walks, the undead are everywhere – and now they’re coming to a college classroom near you! Columbia College in Chicago and the University of Baltimore in Maryland both offer courses on zombies in the media and pop culture (entitled â€Å"Zombies in Popular Media† and â€Å"Media Genres: Zombies†, respectively) that focus on the history of zombies in literature, film, and television. Michigan State University now offers an online course entitled â€Å"Surviving the Coming Zombie Apocalypse: Disasters, Catastrophes, and Human Behavior† that examines the logistics of survival and the real-life implications of zombie apocalypse scenarios on disaster preparedness and planning. Though conducted online, students also have to complete tasks in their survival groups – hopefully everyone makes it to the final exam!

Homeland Security #5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Homeland Security #5 - Essay Example Lastly, we will have in place a team, specially picked to tackle cyber security issues. Such a team will collaborate with other teams so as to ensure that there is proper information sharing among various levels. A team of fire personnel will have the responsibility of accessing and reporting buildings and areas containing hazardous materials. Besides, they will undertake the detection of weapons of mass destruction, observing and detecting symptoms of exposure. They will also do evaluation of physical integrity of buildings (Gartenstein-Ross & Kyle). The team of police officers will be responsible for development of community policing philosophy and training of officers to support these efforts, analysis of terror issues, and development of partnerships with other external bodies to enhance security and the collaboration with the department of homeland security (Docobo). The mayors will be the ones to take command of any incident reported via 911, coordinate the warning or evacuation of affected areas, assessment of the situation and putting out any request for help to the state and federal agencies (Federal Emergency Management Agency 23). They will also ensure that local agencies are harnessed to coordinate the rescue efforts. Health workers will have the responsibility of monitoring various aspects of health of a given area, diagnosing and investigating any health or environmental health issues and educating and empowering people on specific health issues. They will also ensure that the state and local partnerships are mobilized to identify and solve issues before, during and after the event. The monitoring phase will be preceded by emergency planning. This will help in ensuring that each team is aware of their responsibility in the event of an emergency. The teams should also be prepared to perform their functions and this will necessitate a range of training activities (Gartenstein-Ross & Kyle) so as to give them the required

Paul Krugmans Why Inequality Matters Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Paul Krugmans Why Inequality Matters - Essay Example As a function of this, Krugman specifically focuses upon the gap between the rich and the poor, and the fact that this gap has been widening in the past several decades. In such a manner, the following analysis will seek to encapsulate the main arguments that are presented within the piece, discuss the relevance to the current form of governance that is being represented throughout the United States, and reference the impacts that this may likely have on international relations in the future. Through such a discussion and analysis, it is the hope of this particular author that the reader will be able to come to a more informed level of understanding and appreciation for the way in which such a seemingly unrelated piece can have a profound impact upon the way in which the United States could potentially interact with the world in the near future. The primary argument that Krugman represents is that the increased focus upon inequality is not the result of a top-down engagement of polit ics from a more socially minded government; rather, the focus upon inequality in the differential between â€Å"the rich and the rest† is the result of the fact that individual stakeholders within society have become more aware that runaway greed, inequality, and a reckless level of oligarchy have defined the way and the manner in which capitalism is represented within the United States (Krugman 1). As a means of delineating this new approach, Krugman draws upon the recent mayoral race in New York itself. Such gabber and unapologetic socialist being able to defeat all other candidates in an election can only be described as somewhat surprising in the face of what is currently known about American politics. Moreover, Krugman calls to the reader’s mind the understanding that a definitive shift to the left is taking place in the way in which President Obama is administering the nation, referencing the Affordable Health Care Act, the proposed expansion of Social Security, and a litany of other instances as proof of this. Whereas it may not immediately be seen, the salience that all of this has to international relations has to do with the fact that the United States will likely not continue to lag behind the rest of the world with regard to the overall importance that social spending has within any given budget. For years, the United States has spent a far smaller portion of its annual budget on social programs as compared to many other highly developed and wealthy nations throughout the globe. Yet, as Krugman notes, a shift is currently taking place that will likely see this trend reversed. Although this may not clearly point to a change in international relations, it must be noted that a further level of focus upon social programs and social spending domestically will inherently decrease the amount of money that is available for intervention and military engagement with the remainder of the world, thereby making the United States potentially more d ocile and less aggressive as regards direct levels of hard power that it would be willing and able to project throughout the world. From the information that has been presented, the only level of criticism that can be levied against Krugman’s interpretation is the lack of bipartisanship that he retains. Whereas discussing this issue from purely an economic or societal standpoint would have been effective, Krugman instead seeks to utilize his particular point of view as a talking point in support of President Obama. Although this is certainly allowable in terms of an opinion editorial piece, a far more effective level of engagement would have been to approach the issue of inequality from an

Story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 8

Story - Essay Example She did not expect to find Joe at home since that was rather unusual. Joe always left home as hurriedly as he would arrive from school. Being an only child, his mother was so fond of him. On this day, Joe had left school early and changed his clothes. However, he neither joined his mother in the market nor was he in the garden. According to the neighbors, he left home and hurried in the direction of the market. It was getting rather dark and Joe’s mother was worried that something had happened to her son. She set off asking the passersby and in her friend’s homes. Finding no relevant information regarding her son’s whereabouts, she decided to go to the next village. She asked a few people about any child found loitering in the village that same day. From one of the villagers, an old man who had retired from the military, a boy who met the description of Joe was at an abandoned house. The man led Joe’s mother to his homestead. Since he was known for his crazy antics, his mother was not surprised when she found him pinned to the clothes line in the backyard. However, all who were present were surprised with Joe’s explanation. Joe explained later that a few naughty boys had pinned him there when he declined an offer to smoke. Being underage and quite reasonable, everybody was amazed. His mother was proud of him and promised to protect him. In one accord, the villagers decided to hunt down and discipline the naughty boys to ensure they do not spoil any child in the

The Economic Value of Sports on National Development Research Paper

The Economic Value of Sports on National Development - Research Paper Example The chapter provides a brief scrutiny of various researches done by many researchers regarding the positive economic impact of different types of sports in the USA. Then the chapter illustrates the associated economic development of the places influenced by this major sporting event. Findings propounded that there was an accelerated growth encountered in the regional private sector, sports development, and tourism sector and so on. They also saw the establishment of several craft villages and small businesses which enriched the cultural development of the places. Apart from that, great prospects for future development were also chalked out as a spillover effect of this mega sporting event (Jordan et al, 2011, pp. 25-41). Journal article summary - The Economics of Sports Facilities and Their Communities From the period of 1950s, the main sources of stadium building for the privately owned professional teams have been the taxpayers. The team owners, as well as the associated technical personnel, have claimed that the effects of these professional games are the major enhancer of the local economic activities. But the scenario which is revealed in this paper through diverse economic logic, as well as evidences, show opposite consequences with respect to the above stated concept. It has been found that with respect to professional games, there has been a neutral effect towards the local economic development. Various reasons like substitution effects, multiplier effect and so on has been conjectured for explaining the notion. The support of public for the stadia is carried on by the demand driven by the image of the community. But the owners of the team apply a scarce supply to the improvement of the image. With this type of behavior, they fetch a significant amount of monopoly rents from the taxpayers. The paper directs towards the implementation of reforms which will be able to disperse the monopoly operations of the sports leagues when they enter into negotiation with the host communities for their teams (Siegfried & Zimbalist, 2000). Synthesis The book chapter and the journal article can be synthesized to form some concrete ideas about the economic value of the sports which leads to the national development. Both pieces of literature deal with the economic value creation in a nation. Both studies concentrate on the development of regional as well as local areas with the incorporation of the sports infrastructure development. A very general concept is that today huge money flows with sports which is one of the prime sources of entertainment and includes a strong sense of nationalism and incorporates hardcore business perspectives. The main area of deviance between the two works is that they try to reach the same point but by applying different research outlook. The research elements of the journal article pose a much stronger logical base structure by applying a complimentary theory to reach the aim that sport really adds to the economic dev elopment of the nation. Various economic factors come into the forefront while discussing the impact of sports on development which needs to be thoroughly testified with suitable data. The findings of the paper incorporate economic theories and show that the investments get attracted as well as implemented. But they also point out that it is an internal process of the sports management of the

Dell Business Problem Solution Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Dell Business Problem Solution - Case Study Example The hypothesis will be tested by running the regression in equation 1 and then testing for the significance of the value of . This value will be tested by stating a significance level of .05. In other words we want to be 95% confident that rejecting the null hypothesis will not result into a type 1 error. Dell has had Top Market Share Between the fourth quarter of 2003 and the 3rd quarter of 2006. (Dell Inc., 2007). In the fourth quarter of 2006, Dell witnessed a negative year on year growth as its worldwide market share in terms of units shipped dropped from by 8.7% from the fourth quarter of 2005, from 16.4% to 13.9%. (Bangeman, 2007). Hewlett Packard, one of Dell's main rivals in the PC industry witnessed a worldwide growth in market share during the fourth quarter of 2006 moving nearly 11.7million PCs - over 2.2million more than it did during the fourth quarter of 2005. HP also outperformed Dell in the US market moving closer to knocking off its market share perch in the US. (Bangeman, 2007). Dell is currently involved in a financial scandal and there are plans to restate its 2003 2004, 2005 and 2006 financial statements given that these statements do not reflect a true and fair view of the financial position of the company. This can seriously hamper its profits reported earlier. Dell is currently performing poorly as far as its customer services are concerned. In the U.S for example, a survey conducted last quarter confirms this. It currently parallels other PC vendors and it is currently behind Apple Computer Inc. According to the American Customer Satisfaction Index (ASCI), which is compiled by the University of Michigan by calling U.S residents to find out about their buying habit on many product categories Dell earned a score of 75 in 2004 down from a score of 79 in 2003. Apple earned score of 81 as opposed to an industry average of 74. (Krazit , 2005). Survey respondents complained mostly about the quality of Dell's customer service, not its products Although the ACSI doesn't ask specific questions about the type of problems customers are having with a company, but customers were clearly more frustrated with Dell than they were in 2004. (Krazit , 2005). A few recurring complaints were the length of time on hold with Dell customer service representative s, as well as the quality of the help customers eventually received. Overall customer satisfaction with the PC industry remains well below the scores

The Economic Value of Sports on National Development Research Paper

The Economic Value of Sports on National Development - Research Paper Example The chapter provides a brief scrutiny of various researches done by many researchers regarding the positive economic impact of different types of sports in the USA. Then the chapter illustrates the associated economic development of the places influenced by this major sporting event. Findings propounded that there was an accelerated growth encountered in the regional private sector, sports development, and tourism sector and so on. They also saw the establishment of several craft villages and small businesses which enriched the cultural development of the places. Apart from that, great prospects for future development were also chalked out as a spillover effect of this mega sporting event (Jordan et al, 2011, pp. 25-41). Journal article summary - The Economics of Sports Facilities and Their Communities From the period of 1950s, the main sources of stadium building for the privately owned professional teams have been the taxpayers. The team owners, as well as the associated technical personnel, have claimed that the effects of these professional games are the major enhancer of the local economic activities. But the scenario which is revealed in this paper through diverse economic logic, as well as evidences, show opposite consequences with respect to the above stated concept. It has been found that with respect to professional games, there has been a neutral effect towards the local economic development. Various reasons like substitution effects, multiplier effect and so on has been conjectured for explaining the notion. The support of public for the stadia is carried on by the demand driven by the image of the community. But the owners of the team apply a scarce supply to the improvement of the image. With this type of behavior, they fetch a significant amount of monopoly rents from the taxpayers. The paper directs towards the implementation of reforms which will be able to disperse the monopoly operations of the sports leagues when they enter into negotiation with the host communities for their teams (Siegfried & Zimbalist, 2000). Synthesis The book chapter and the journal article can be synthesized to form some concrete ideas about the economic value of the sports which leads to the national development. Both pieces of literature deal with the economic value creation in a nation. Both studies concentrate on the development of regional as well as local areas with the incorporation of the sports infrastructure development. A very general concept is that today huge money flows with sports which is one of the prime sources of entertainment and includes a strong sense of nationalism and incorporates hardcore business perspectives. The main area of deviance between the two works is that they try to reach the same point but by applying different research outlook. The research elements of the journal article pose a much stronger logical base structure by applying a complimentary theory to reach the aim that sport really adds to the economic dev elopment of the nation. Various economic factors come into the forefront while discussing the impact of sports on development which needs to be thoroughly testified with suitable data. The findings of the paper incorporate economic theories and show that the investments get attracted as well as implemented. But they also point out that it is an internal process of the sports management of the

Violance and the World by Robert Cover and Reflections on the Essay

Violance and the World by Robert Cover and Reflections on the Guillotine by Albert Cumus - Essay Example According to Cover (p. 1601), for instance, when a judge interprets the law and hands out a sentence, as legally appropriate to the crime as it may be, the sheer act of imposition of violence on another person is in itself an act of death and pain. This is quite similar to the actions committed during the course of the crime. This means that the interpretation of legal statutes occurs under conditions of death and pain. For instance, as a result of the imposition of a term of sentence, a convict losses his freedom, property, or life in extreme cases, while his family losses a father, brother, son or husband. Cumus is especially expressive about the aspect of sentencing convicts to the death penalty. According to the Cumus (p. 23), murder carried out by the state or under state supervision is tantamount to premeditated murder carried out by criminals on innocent persons. Cover speaks on this topic, citing that the interpretations of law allow for justification of violence and murder o f persons found guilty of crimes, which, as Cumus put it, is equal to premeditated murder. While Cover explains that he is not sympathetic towards criminals and convicts for the crimes they committed, he asserts that the interpretation in the law itself creates victims who are innocent of the crime for which they are suffering (Cover, p. 1602). The victims in most instances are family members who were oblivious of the occurrence of the crime. The organized social practices of interpretations in law tear families up and perpetrate the same violence for which they are meant to punish. The irony of this situation is compounded by the statistics, proving that capital punishment does not necessarily reduce the occurrence of crime. According to Cumus, a more logical approach for remedying criminal behavior is through reforms and rehabilitation, rather than violence, pain, and death. Because the nature of law is to uphold the humane conduct of all persons in society, it is ironic that law also contravenes the same humane essence it preaches. Cumus tells of instances when the guillotine is not instant, hence prolonging the suffering of both its victim and that of family members and other witnesses. The sheer brutality of the guillotine is also implicit of the law’s violent nature (Cumus, p. 19) Both writers argue for the discontinuation of capital punishment. Cumus is primarily concerned about the guillotine, which he asserts is neither humane nor instant, as it is purported to be. Cover, on the other hand, speaks of the need to adopt more effective systems of reforms, rather than the conventional violence-riddled sentencing and confinement of convicts in solitary places (Cover, p. 1606). Legal interpretation, according to Cover, should adopt a culture that is similar to a number of communities, which use shame and contrition as a means of punishing offenders. In such instances, the offenders’ shame for their actions is stronger than any degree of violen ce meted on them in terms of behavioral correction. Cumus argues that the guillotine’s effectiveness has been eroded with time. In earlier times when the guillotine was used in public, it was relatively effective in deterring crime. However, because it is currently used privately in prisons, its effectiveness is muffled. This means that there is, in fact, no need to use the guillotine any more in the current day and age. Nonetheless, Cumus is somewhat supportive of the conduct of executions

Training Programs for an Age and Culturally Diverse Workforce Essay Example for Free

Training Programs for an Age and Culturally Diverse Workforce Essay The launch of the Age Discrimination Act in October 2006 signifies that every institution will have to do something for it to keep abreast by producing age-inclusive working practices. Reality tells us that the workforce is shifting. At one pole people are living longer at the same time that the other end of the continuum diminishing birthrates are making a diminishing source of younger workforce. When merged with the legislation intended to embark upon ageism, this indicates that employers cope with key challenges necessitating a deep cultural change. All areas of personnel practice including recruitment, motivation, performance management, succession and retirement will have to be reviewed. The changing workforce Most of the anticipated increase in the US labor force between 2000 and 2050 will be made up of workers aged 55 and over. Employees aged 55 and over will comprise a larger share of the US labor force (12. 9% in 2000; 18. 8% in 2050) (Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) survey). A lot of employers recognize that excellent employee training is vital for an organizations success. A broad ranging assortment of training platforms and vehicles are used by employers. Training themes may comprise extensive proficiency such as literacy, technological skills, direction about the organization, and curriculums intended to avoid legal concerns, such as sexual harassment education and ethics preparation. These training programs moreover must not show prejudice, and time used up in training may be compensable. Federal law necessitates training in numerous health and safety allied matters. Workers training used to be thought of as a non-compulsory aid, an extra that only the most advanced employers offered to the most gifted employees. Even now, as the market rotates downward, worker training is frequently the first to go, considered not as an investment but as expenditure to be disposed of in hard times. But these days employers increasingly recognize and appreciate that, far from being an add-on, high-quality employee training is essential to an organization’s success and that a smart, excellent workforce is fundamental to worker output and welfare. In actual fact, more than 70 percent of employers make available some sort of job training for their employees, based on a Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) survey. The survey also found that employers with high employee turnover train less and spend less on training than other businesses. While it is unclear which comes first, the probable inference is that training is linked to long-term employment and is an important factor in successful performance, productivity, and morale. However, in the training industry, it is pertinent that specific needs are addressed. This paper attempts to show in what ways training programs meet a cultural and generational workforce. Facts and Figures Several of the labor force we have today are aging and culturally mixed. Point No. 1. The Age of Workforce Matters In this dog-eat-dog world, any industry will deny the fact that to them, age across the broad spectrum representing national employment matters. It matters because today, many of these employees do not even think of retiring if they are past the retirement age (Andrews, 1998). Any institution will then take into consideration who and what age does the company’s workforce composed of?

advantages of presidential systems

advantages of presidential systems One of the advantages of a presidential system is that the head of state is usually elected through a direct mandate. In terms of democracy, this makes the presidents authority more legitimate as he is elected directly by the people as oppose to being appointed indirectly. Another advantage of a presidential system is the stability it brings as presidents are usually elected to fixed terms while a prime ministers government can fall at anytime. An example of this is in Canada; where in a minority government the leader of the opposition, Michael Ignatieff, could bring down Stephen Harpers government and has threatened to do so several times. This is in contrast to President Obamas tenure which is secure till the elections of 2012. Additionally, presidential system allow for the separation of powers as the legislature is a completely different structure and institution. This allows a system of checks and balances to be created, allowing one to monitor the other. Speed and decisiveness can be seen as a positive characteristic of a presidential system, as presidents usually have stronger constitutional powers allowing them to spearhead reform and enact change swiftly. Conversely, one advantage of a parliamentary system is that its faster and easier to pass legislation. This is because the executive branch is part of the legislative branch and is dependent upon the direct or indirect support of it as it usually comprised of members of the legislature. This can be seen in the Canadian system of government where the prime minister and his cabinet is also Member of Parliament. This segues into the advantage that parliamentary systems usually have a higher propensity for having unified governments, as minority governments are the minority. This adds to the governments ability to pass legislation more quickly, as it is rare for a majority government to have their own legislation defeated, as parliamentary system usually have greater party discipline. Moreover, the lack of a head of states veto power also allows legislation to pass more swiftly. Another advantage of a parliamentary system is that power is more evenly diverged. Constitutionally, the prime minister rarely has such high importance of a president. An example of this is how parliamentary systems allow MPs to directly question the prime minister and his government. Also, lower individual importance on the prime minster position can be seen through elections tendencies as there is a higher focus on political party ideas than on the actual person. Lastly, the advantage of the government technically being able to dissolve at any time allows the government to be more accountable and viable. This allows parliament to replace a government or a prime minister if he or she has been lackluster or detrimental to the country. This allows for practicable governments to continue governing while ineffective ones can be disposed of. Disadvantages to a presidential system include tendencies towards authoritarianism. Because of the overarching power given to one person, presidential systems could quickly transform into authoritarian regimes if circumstances permit. Also the centralization of authority could lead to the president becoming a more influential figure in society and the media. This high priority on the president could lower and undermine civic participation as people might feel they cannot play an active role in lawmaking or place a lower significance on the legislative branches of government relative to the executive. Furthermore, separation of powers is also seen as a disadvantage of the presidential system as it might create gridlock and stalemates within the government. One example of this could be if the President continues to veto bills that the legislature ratifies, impeding government from passing laws. This can be seen in 1995 when Democrat Bill Clinton was president with a Republican controll ed Congress. The government could not get consensus on anything, not even on a budget. Lastly, impediments to leadership change can be seen as another disadvantage as it can be more difficult to remove an unsuitable president from office before her term is concluded, creating a potential situation where an idol or unhelpful president could not be removed and be replaced a better alternative. On the other hand, disadvantages to a parliamentary system include that the head of government is usually not directly elected. This is because the prime minister is typically elected by the legislature or the party in power, which normally means the party leadership. In addition, another disadvantage in the parliamentary system is that there is no independent body to oppose and veto legislation approved by parliament, and thus a lack of a cohesive checks and balance system. Also, because of the shortage in the separation of powers, parliamentary systems could instill too much power in the executive. This is because MPs usually have to adhere to parliamentary discipline, and cannot vote based on their own judgments or constituencies. Furthermore, as elections in parliamentary systems usually result in a majority government, this could lead to the tyranny of the majority resulting in the minority parties to be marginalized as they would have little to no input in government legislatio n. Moreover, parliamentary systems can be seen as inherently unstable, if minority governments are elected and coalition governments are formed as the government can be brought down at any time. Opponents of the parliamentary system point to Japans recent instabilities and constant replacing of prime ministers as well as Weimar Germany as examples where unstable coalitions, belligerent minority parties, and constant threats of the government being voted down by opposition parties. Lastly, the parliamentary system lack of a definite election calendar can be mistreated to allow parties to gain political advantages. The governing party can schedule elections with relative freedom, and avoid elections when it is unpopular. Indeed, in a Canadian context, Prime Minister Stephen Harper defeated his own government because polls showed that he had the ability to win a majority at the time. This gives an unfair advantage to ruling parties who can stave off defeat or increase their mandate at the expense of the opposition parties. The influence of a presidential system on politics can be seen through the stronger role of the president i as well as the gridlock that can be experienced when passing legislation. This is opposed to the parliamentary system and how a prime minister usually has a smaller role in politics while parliament is typically quick in passing legislation and avoiding gridlock. First, the president usually becomes a national figure, which represents the government regardless of the effectiveness of legislation. As policies are harder to pinpoint compared to parliamentary systems, a president usually receives all criticism and blame on legislation passed, regardless if the party passed it or not. However in parliamentary systems, the governing party usually receives praise and criticism for legislation passed with not everything being placed upon the prime minister. This segues into the president is the head of state, and performing ceremonial roles as well as being the commander in chief of t he armed forces. He also plays an active role in the government by setting out a governments agenda especially if her party is also in control of the legislature. This differs from parliamentary system as there is a more visible separation of head of state and head of government. An example of this is the Queen in the UK who almost exclusively performs ceremonial roles. The Queen by convention does not veto any legislation passed by the government, as she does not have that legitimacy given through the electorate. This differs from the prime minister who is directly involved in the lawmaking organs of parliament. The president in a presidential system is almost like the center part of a venn-diagram as she possesses the ceremonial part of the head of state while playing active role in the government process like a prime minister. Another influence that a president has on parliament is his role in the checks in balance system. The United States government is must more used to gridloc k and stalemates between the levels of government and even between to the two houses as that is how the system is set up to me. This is in contrast where legislation is Canada can be passed rather rapidly especially if the party has a majority government. This presidential system influences the way representatives behave as they

Spirituality and Nature Essay -- Writing Religion Nature Essays Paper

Spirituality and Nature Praise the Lord from the earth, you great sea creatures and all ocean depths, lightning and hail, snow and clouds, stormy winds that do his bidding, you mountains and all hills, fruit trees and all cedars, wild animals and all cattle, small creatures and flying birds, kings of the earth and all nations, you princes and all rulers on earth, young men and maidens, old men and children. (Psalm 148:7-12) When considering the reading that we have done so far in class I am struck by the relationship that is drawn in many of them, between the appreciation of nature and spirituality. While I am not a Christian in the typical sense there is still no doubt in my mind that there is a benevolent and loving higher power, whatever its name may be. What reason do I have to say this? For me, like Wordsworth in "Tintern Abbey", and like Radcliffe's Emily, I feel a connection with a higher power in my own interactions with nature. There is no other place in which I feel God more strongly than in the natural world around me. Last summer, working on my aunt and uncle's farm, I would have moments early in the morning, working in crisp air under a light blue textured sky, in which I would be overcome with feelings of insignificance in the face of such vastness. Another moment that stands out in my memory is walking in the valley between Arthur's Seat and Salisbury Crags in Holyrood Park, Edinburgh as a snow storm visibly moves over the top of the Seat and down into the valley around me, evoking feelings that I can only characterize as sublime. The experience, of which the prior are only two examples, makes my problems cease to matter and makes me feel connected somehow to an ineffable, eternal and co... ... is a personal and subjective phenomenon that to me involves spiritual reflection and the feeling of being part of something much bigger than myself. The feeling is one that is valuable to me, the understanding of myself as a spiritual person and the understanding of my relation to the world around me. Based on my own experience, I will continue to believe that "God's invisible qualities - his eternal power and divine nature - have been clearly seen, being understood from what he has made, so that men are without excuse" (Romans 1:20). Works Cited Radcliffe, Ann. The Mysteries of Udolpho. Ed. Jacqueline Howard. London: Penguin Books, 2001. The Student Bible, New International Version. Michigan: Zondervan Publishing House, 1996. Wordsworth, William. "Tintern Abbey". Romanticism. 2nd ed. Ed. Duncan Wu. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing, 1998.

A gift called “Wife”

Somewhere, I remember, to have read about the Orientals’ concept of an ideal wife: â€Å"A real wife is like a minister for the personal affairs of her husband, a friend in executing his tasks, in affectionate dealings she is like his mother and in his bed she is like a courtesan. Such a wife is auspicious† (Garuda Purana, 1.64.6). Is there a word in English that adequately describes – such a paragon of virtues in the form of a beautiful, female, human-being, playing the role of a wife? If there is one, then few women indeed, would qualify to be described thus. Blessed indeed is the man, who is bestowed with such a woman, capable of enriching his entire life, filling it hope, happiness and healthy attitude. Personally, I must say, that I, am one of those lucky husbands who has been graced thus.   My wife is my savior, guide and friend; she is my albatross, averting the turbulent disasters that threaten to drown me in the ocean of my troubles, and guiding me to the shores of safety; very much like the woman praised by the Orientals. Ever since I met her, I have been drawn to her like a magnet. A young, beautiful woman, with a gorgeous body, lovely soft eyes and sensual lips, that make heads turn round instantly. Eligible suitors sought her, as do butterflies circle an attractive flower. Her eyes shone like stars, and her heart was filled with dreams – dreams of making it big, in the Hollywood. She has a sweet demeanor that hides the tensile nature of the resolute strength of her character and, little did I realize this invaluable asset at the time of our marriage. Nevertheless, I felt elated when she reciprocated my love and we walked down the Alter, as man and wife. But, I was to discover that, more than beauty, there were other things that contributed to her attractive personality. The adept professionalism in her single-handed management and smooth execution of our wedding plans to the last detail, unfolded a new aspect of her strength, to me. Our wedding day also revealed to me, the adamant streak in her. I remember, when all was ready and, I was about to enter the premises, she bid me on her mobile-phone, to fetch a particular candle she wanted lit on this special occasion. Unable to refuse the plea in her voice, I turned and started back. I remember, it was a chill, winter day, and a gust of cold wind pierced my face sharply, while searching for her car and groping with the keys. Sweat broke out on my forehead and my breath became heavy, as it was getting late, and I still couldn’t find candle in the place where she had supposed it to be; neither my words of counsel nor the advice of her bridesmaids (which got carried through on the mobile quite clearly), to proceed with the ceremonies without the candle, had little effect on her. It rather made her more stubborn, to have the candle fetched and lit, and she pined that none of us understood the deep significance of her actions. Whew! How I heaved a sigh of relief, when I finally found it. Thankfully, I dabbed away the sweat on my forehead with my handkerchief, and straightened my jacket, now that all was well. Later, I took ill and was down in bed requiring extra attention and care. There she was, by my side, with a soothing smile on her lips and a warm grasp on my wrist, feeling my pulse, monitoring my temperature, administering the drugs advised by the doctor, reassuring me all the time with kind words, that all shall be well. My heart was touched and eyes filled with unshed tears, when she made it to the doctor’s appointment, traveling across half the city – through peak traffic, despite her heavy schedule, to apprise the doctor regarding the status of my health and explore the options of my speedy recovery. The very same adamant streak came to the fore here in albeit in a very agreeable manner; with tenacity she clutched on to hope, never giving up, and adamantly pushed away pessimistic thoughts. Her son depends on this unique trait of hers, to prop him up during the defeating bouts of his mental-illness, and to keep him going. However, we her close kin and kith are not the only recipients of her kindness. She is surely a tower of strength, to many a friend and I personally know of few instances in which she has pulled some friends back from the brink of ruin. Now, am I not right in feeling that I have been graciously granted a rare and â€Å"auspicious† present in the form of a tenacious life-partner? Bibliography Garuda Purana, 1.64.6 –   Tr. J.L. Shastri/A board of scholars, Ancient Indian Tradition and Mythology 12-14, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi 1982. (extracts with notes in [] by JanM, 1997). Retrieved on 24th May, 2006, from website address:                     

Harvard Style Annotated Bibliography Essay

1. King, Rosemary. Oxford studies of religion. Preliminary & HSC course ed. Melbourne, Victoria: Gary Underwood, 2010. 1-459. Print. 2. Rosemary King is an experienced teacher who worked with government, catholic and independent schools. She successfully completed the Graduate Certificate in World Religions from the University of New England (UNE) and is currently teaching at the Uniting Church’s MLC School located in Sydney, her position is the coordinator of service learning. 3. In the chapter on preliminary ‘Islam’, the topic mainly focuses on the view and study of Islam as one of the major religious traditions as a living religious system. It allows the reader to investigate the religious traditions and belief systems, examine the significance of all relating religious traditions in the life of a Muslim Adherent and communicates ideas, information and issues using the appropriate visual/written forms. 4. This text is written to support the syllabus studies of a preliminary/HSC student for studies of religion 1. 5. I feel that this text was useful when I was researching information regarding the Qu’ran, the Hadith, the Sunna, the Ijma and the Qiyas. The reason being for this was because it explained the purpose of all these traditions and the impact that is forced upon a Muslim by these traditions. Also how they guide a Muslim to living the life by the Qu’ran (Rules and regulations set by Allah, ‘God’) 6. I found that the information in this text was accurate and valid, although it could have been more in detail and less simplistic than it was. For example, when talking about a specific tradition I found that it could have been more in depth and informative.

Organise Meetings

Operations manager to take over. All operations of the entire process. In Australia after comment on the proposal has been accepted, the debate will occur that their decisions about where to apply, how much it is emotional, and the result of the release of the flavor of the range states in the country. Australia has been mentioned in the notice must be returned to headquarters in Melbourne, if any, provided that they are not able to. Personal attendance. , Participants are required to bring research papers to be fully advised of their powerful evidence. Company: Ms Dona'sNotice: Date 31-07-2014 Notice is sent by the secretary of Shish (Facilitator) CEO of Ms Dona's Australia. Its purpose to inform 20 days prior to the meeting so that everyone can make a time in their schedule for the meeting. If someone is unable to attend the meeting he has inform the USAF (secretary) with personal call. Palace: Ms Dona's head office 3rd floor 190, Saddened Road Saddened Melbourne Australia Date: 12 -1 1-2014 Time: Bam to loam Us opposed Attendees: Facilitators – Shish(CEO) Marketing manager-M knish National consultant- Art Secretary – Dennis (Time keeper)Minute taker – USAF Objective: Talking about the new range of Ms Donald in Australia. Explain to all the success of this new menu. Agenda: Effective Launch of Ms Dona's new range menu in Australia. Minutes Timing Presenter Task 8 am to 8:05 am Shish (CEO) Welcome amenities in a meeting and ask any apology, she will explain the reason why the meeting. 8:05 to 0 USAF (Minute Taker) They are about the minutes of the meeting of the past and what they decide and what they have received after the decision they have taken in the previous meeting. 8:10 to 8:15Operations manager explained all menu items to the members of her team in the conference. 08:15 to 08:20 Marketing manager of exploration and presentation of all the evidence, all the strategies they used while launching a new menu. â€Å"Taste of America 08 :20 TTT:25 Art describe how they will ensure the quality of products in the store and also in the supply of raw materials. 09:25 to 09:45 Everybody Open discussion of all issues and offer solutions that will be perfect and CEO, will make the final decision. 09:45 to 09:55 CEO Western end marketing techniques in the treatment process. :55 to 10:00 Thank you all for coming and Shish holds a meeting with one month notices. Meeting 2 Brief: The Australian government has launched a new safety standards, known as the â€Å"drop down† it is a matter of technical security. So they can improve their crews towards this new safety standards and it can reduce the impact of any loss of physical ability. Happy regional Manager is responsible for calling this meeting and she will make sure that everyone can share information that they would provide information to workers, their manager.Shish and be ere that all the people working in the stores correctly. Aware of the new safety standard Den nis manager is responsible. In the absence of a store manger to follow every step to ensure accurate measurements. The security of the crew , the assistant manager and the health and safety of staff Art do is to check daily that all safety equipment is up to date and everyone in the store to know how to use them in need . Monish crew training will provide all the information to the crew about safety .Talk about how to provide information about health and safety standards hat have been issued by the Australian government called the Drop down due to an increase in incidences in Australia over the last couple of years. Agenda: Health and Safety in the stores Notice: Date 1-08-2013 Notice is sent by the Regional Manger Baby of Ms Dona's Australia. Its purpose to inform 14 days prior to the meeting so that everyone has to attend the meeting. If someone is unable to attend the meeting he has inform the Baby with personal call. Palace: Ms Dona's head office 3rd floor Date: Time: am to AMA happy -Regional manger Melody: Restaurant manger

Flexibility facilitates innovation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Flexibility facilitates innovation - Essay Example A great deal of attention has been given to the psychological research on the personality of highly creative people in comparison to the less creative people. Positive characteristics are deemed to be related to high creativity. Research has unveiled that the sensation- seeking trait, in terms of preference for new and different experiences and readiness to incur risk in order to experience such, leads to spontaneous flexibility (Georgsdottir, 2004: p 168: pag 2). Flexibility on the level of personality can further be reflected in the ability of creative individuals to merge opposite or conflicting traits. The dimension of cognitive style gives disparity between the explorers as individuals who demonstrate spontaneous flexibility in providing solutions to problems, and the assimilators as individuals who tackle problems in a rule- bound and more rigid way (2004: p 168: pag 3). It may be more advantageous and profitable to employ a universal processing style during commencement of a project, in order to identify the importance of novice merchandise in the marketplace, or to collect information from varied sources (Georgsdottir, 2004: p 169: pag 3). On the other hand, during the more content- based explanation of specific merchandise, after generation of an idea, processing locally is of great assistance. Creativity is a product of integration between an individual and cultural environment. Flexibility is a major characteristic of organizational culture. When the organizational structure is rigid with hierarchical model, corporate flexibility is low and managers make conservative decisions while desisting from risky procedures and thus suffocate creativity (Georgsdottir, 2004: p 170: pag 2). Adaptive flexibility in definition is the ability to conform to fresh methods and strategies to solve a problem because of failure in old methods, or redefining a problem so as to obtain an original solution (Georgsdottir, 2004: p 167: pag 2). The ability to

Illegal immigration and Middle East profiling Essay

Illegal immigration and Middle East profiling - Essay Example Turning to positions various political philosophers would have taken on these two global phenomena, we need to closely scrutinize their thoughts on citizenship, liberties, freedom, and human rights. Focusing on Aristotle, his idea of citizenship is equated with virtue. That there is more to citizenship than living in a particular place or sharing in economic activity or ruling under the same laws. He contends that it is a great privilege to be a citizen and had a set of duties. He has certain freedoms that non-citizens do not have and obligations like political participation and military service. In his definition and subsequent argument, he refers to illegal migrants as the vulgar, that is, those who are incapable of citizenship, which leads to virtue. More importantly, those migrants are actually migrating in search of work or rather to become laborers. According to Aristotelian thinking, it is impossible to pursue virtue when one is a laborer. Laborers exist like slaves for the be nefit of male free citizens now that citizens are similar in stock and free. (Cohen and Fermon 114). This would be taken to mean that he does not advocate for non- citizens mixing with citizens, and in any case, therefore, the migrants who are laborers will always remain inferior to citizens and would not enjoy equal rights and liberties. In his argument of a good citizen, he contends whether the virtue of the good man and the excellent citizen is to be regarded as the same or as not the same. That a good man is the one who lives in accordance with virtue and finds happiness in doing so. The Middle East profiling is as a result of evil deeds that have informed such scrutiny. His position would then be that a virtuous person should be protected from the evil one and thus my posit is that, he would support such profiling, but as is typical in his ideas, in moderation. Saint Augustine of the city of god fame is on the worldview that we have a sinful nature and only by the grace of God that we can be saved. His philosophy is closely intertwined with the bible and God as the focal point. That we must obey governments to restrain us from being sinful (Cohen and Fermon 141).He believes in giving everyman his due. From this discussion therefore, illegal migration is sinful and like all other sins, evil. In the case of Middle East profiling, it is also sinful because God would not allow it, as we should all remain co-equals and colleagues. Rawls philosophy is anchored on reasonable pluralism. That is, he is more accommodating to divergence. He contends that, stability of society is organized around justice and he believes in respect for human rights. He postulates that, societies and countries lacking the conditions necessary for a decent or just regime should be assisted to realize it. By assistance, he does not recommend intervention, rather, to necessitate that country to achieve a just regime. These principles, he posits, should govern one nation in relation with t he other. His position in regards to illegal migration would then be that they should be accommodated, and their countries be assisted to achieve conditions that would enable citizens to be comfortable in a just regime which would restore peace and get into the path of economic progress. The same can be said on

Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Project - Assignment Example The technological as well as development research course produces a quality level that the business gets competitiveness and differentiation in the structure, even though this demands, noteworthy but essential investments. 3 To study the system the analyst needs to do collect facts and all relevant information. The facts when expressed in quantitative form are termed as data. The success of this project is depended upon the accuracy of available data. Accurate information can be collected with help of certain methods/ techniques. These specific methods for finding information of the this system are; Interviews, Questionnaires, Record View and Observations. We shall use interviews since the information collected is quite accurate and reliable as we will clear and cross check the doubts there itself. This method also will help gap the areas of misunderstandings and help to discuss about the future problems. 5 Tactical planning and innovation are at present, essential elements of the aggressive and sustainability of a business. Conversely, framework situations demand the business to be structured to approval to a more and more complicated demand in an open structure, where the idea of quality is to be realized in all their dimensions as well as in continuous assessment. The transformation must be planned, according to the exhaustive investigation of the circumstances and the external and internal conditions that the organization functions. The innovation produces effectiveness and efficiency in the processes of business production; the information handling is essential. The technological as well as development research course produces a quality level that the business gets competitiveness and differentiation in the structure, even though this demands, noteworthy but essential investments. Currently, the system used is manual. It requires a lot of

Modernism and Conceptual Art Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6500 words

Modernism and Conceptual Art - Thesis Example The essay "Modernism and Conceptual Art" discusses relationships between modernism and conceptual art. Conceptual art is widely regarded to have begun in the ‘dada’ movement that occurred in Switzerland, Germany, France, America, and other countries during the early 20th Century. Dada artists like Marcel Duchamp enshrined urinals on pedestals, signing them with an alias in parody of the authoritative time stamp and signature which was already equated with monetary value in the fame or status driven art, gallery, and collectibles trade at the time. Similarly, Rene Magritte famously inscribed â€Å"Ceci n'est pas une pipe† across a painting of a pipe, to inspire many who studied art to question the nature of artistic representation in an era where formal abstract painting was being developed as a valid method of self-expression. In the modern perception of the artist, his or her personal views, theories, conflicts, psychology, and philosophy of life are all assumed to be summarized and expressed through the process of art, completely or in fragments, creating objects of appreciation with symbolic social messages and embodying a personal commitment to an aesthetic, beauty or truth. Yet, the viewer or audience may ultimately interpret a work outside of its original intended context, just as art history elevates some artists and themes to make them canonical, collectible, valuable, and teachable on a social level of shared subjectivities. Conceptual Art is inherently critical.

Romanticism as Literary Period Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Romanticism as Literary Period - Essay Example Even Wordsworth's Tintern Abbey, a confessional account of how nature is more than a memory of youth ("And I have felt a presence that disturbs me with joy / Of elevated thoughts; a sense sublime / Of something far more deeply interfused, ) was coming from a man whose social and intellectual moorings reflected not just rustic roots. More particularly, the poem renders philosophical and meditative aspects of the sophisticated thinker often found in cultural and urban centers, which consequently finds ways to go back to the original sources of inspiration, mystery and awe, peeling the layers of stale customs and traditions to reveal the workings of nature or even the supernatural, (as portrayed by Coleridge's The Rime of the Ancient Mariner). The Lyrical Ballads, objectively speaking could be said to a political statement asserting the primacy of the individual's feelings and imagination, and it has done so, moreso in intent. Execution-wise it was a bit too grandstanding, as other writ ers of other periods could also be called "romantic". The way that Wordworth's self-consciously and literally chose ordinary individuals and the rustic life as the worthwhile romantic subjects was an attempt to further drive down the point that poetry should be democratic (an offshoot of the influences of the French Revolution) and that it is the individual that matters, not custom and traditions. Shelley In the last two lines of A Defence of Poetry, Shelley sums up the power of poets to change society and awaken the masses: "Poets are the hierophants of an unapprehended inspiration; the mirrors of the gigantic shadows which futurity casts upon the present; the words which express what they understand not; the trumpets which sing to battle, and feel not what they inspire; the influence which is moved not, but moves. Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world." The poets, according to Shelley, belong to those classes of men in which the excitability of passions is strongest, and which the impressions or going-ons of nature and society work their magic - the apprehensions of the formerly "unapprehended", and consequently, this is communicated by the poets to society which is responsible for the continuity of language, and thus of society. Furthermore, according to Shelley, "the great instrument of moral good is the imagination; and poetry administers to the effect by acting u pon the cause." It is not that poetry directs or points out the rights and the wrongs, but in as much it moves mankind to the pursuit of what are sublime and beautiful and the eternal, and these have been the common goal of poetry since the ancient times. Shelley's poetry in awe-inspired tones invokes this spirit of poetry as a mover of mankind and society, primarily in they way that this spirit moves them, the poets. In Mutability, the endurance of human beings, rooted in nature's unchanging mutability, day in and day out is upheld. In Mont Blanc, Shelley regards the mountain as containing the "secret Strength of things / Which governs thought. More emphatically, Shelley in Ode to the West Wind, pleads for this